Toddlers By the time children are 1-2 years of age, their sleep patterns tend to be geared to household routines. Most will be awake for lengthy periods during the day, and have a nap in the afternoon, though some may still need two naps a day. Sometimes they will be very tired and not relaxed [...]

Once the cause(s) for your nausea are found, it may be possible to remove or correct them. For example, if it is due to the cancer itself, some form of anti-cancer treatment would be a possible, but not necessarily the best, way to tackle it. If it is due to cancer in the brain, corticosteroids [...]

Stop the bleeding, always use direct pressure … “Put your thumb on it.” IF MINOR: Clean the wound with clean, running water, follow up by cleaning with an antiseptic solution, then apply an antiseptic dressing — mercurochrome or acriflavine are useful. Use a clean dressing to cover the wound — a band aid or a [...]

Tonsillitis is a common infection of childhood but is seen less often in adults. During the teens, a sore throat may be due to tonsillitis or it may be due to glandular fever or infectious mononucleosis. In the early stages, it may be difficult to tell the difference between them but later the typical greyish-white [...]

Normally when specimens of tissue are examined by the pathologist to determine their nature, he sets the tissue in paraffin for about 24 hours before making thin sections to examine under a microscope. In the technique of frozen section, the piece of tissue removed is frozen by carbon dioxide snow (what we know as “dry [...]

If you would have accepted a common-sense explanation for it before, you probably should now. I’m afraid that many doctors and other practitioners who treat people with cancer behave as though symptoms are not important. These practitioners don’t ask about them and will treat you in an inattentive and impatient manner if you try to [...]

For the same amount of kilojoules, you can eat far more carbohydrate food than fatty food, lb prove the point, let’s compare two everyday foods which are almost pure in the nutrition sense. Three teaspoons of sugar (almost pure carbohydrate) has the same number of kilojoules as 1 teaspoon of oil (almost pure fat). This [...]

Summary of main points. • Modern technological environments are associated with large increases in obesity in Western countries. • Environments which influence overfatness can be categorised on size (‘macro’ or ‘micro’) and type (‘physical’ and ‘socio-cultural’). • Macro environments represent the broader national and international perspective; micro environments are within the immediate family, friends and [...]

As well as depot and circulating stores of fatty acids, muscles can call on a more immediate source of fat for energy if required. This is in the form of fat droplets in the muscle tissue itself. Because of its physical proximity, this is probably the first store of fat that is tapped by the [...]

Along the course of the intestinal tract, a large number of interesting events take place. As you know, digestion commences when saliva is pumped into the mouth. More juices, mainly acid and certain chemicals, are injected into the stomach. Further along, other chemicals called enzymes are pumped into the intestinal passageways also. All these are [...]