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	<title>Pharma Blog &#187; Anti Depressants-Sleeping Aid</title>
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		<title>BDD BEHAVIOURS &#8211; REASSURANCE SEEKING</title>
		<link>http://worldpharmread.com/2011/03/bdd-behaviours-reassurance-seeking/</link>
		<comments>http://worldpharmread.com/2011/03/bdd-behaviours-reassurance-seeking/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 21 Mar 2011 10:40:59 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[Anti Depressants-Sleeping Aid]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://worldpharmread.com/?p=187</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Sometimes people with BDD don&#8217;t directly question others because they&#8217;re afraid people will think they&#8217;re vain or that their question is strange. So instead of directly asking, they bring up the topic in a more indirect way. A man concerned with his body build explained, &#8220;I wanted to ask other people how I looked, but [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sometimes people with BDD don&#8217;t directly question others because they&#8217;re afraid people will think they&#8217;re vain or that their question is strange. So instead of directly asking, they bring up the topic in a more indirect way. A man concerned with his body build explained, &#8220;I wanted to ask other people how I looked, but I didn&#8217;t want them to know I cared so much about it. I thought it would seem like a sign of weakness that I was bothered by it. Instead, I hinted around the subject, talking about appearance or body size in a more general way, hoping to get them to say &#8216;You look big.&#8217;&#8221;<br />
A teacher directly asked her husband about her &#8220;sagging&#8221; eyes, saying &#8220;Do you see it? How bad is it?&#8221; &#8220;But when I&#8217;m around friends or at social events, I can&#8217;t directly ask,&#8221; she said. &#8220;It would be too embarrassing. So I switch into philosophizing. I talk about things like how society overvalues appearance, and all the cosmetic surgery that&#8217;s done. I&#8217;m somehow hoping I&#8217;ll be told I look okay.&#8221;<br />
Sometimes, the intent is to get others to confirm that the defect is bad. One woman tried to get her husband to comment positively on other women&#8217;s breasts, which was a way of affirming that hers were unattractive. &#8220;The point was to get him to agree with me because I&#8217;m right.&#8221; Another woman, in great desperation, dragged her three young children to the mirror each day, pointing to invisible marks on her face and insisting that they agree that they saw them and how awful they looked. She told me &#8220;I&#8217;d harangue them and harangue them, and they&#8217;d just cry.&#8221;<br />
Some people use photos to convince others of how much they&#8217;ve changed and how bad they now look. One of the first people with BDD whom I met handed me a several-year-old photo within a few minutes of my meeting her. &#8220;Can&#8217;t you see how much I&#8217;ve changed?&#8221; she asked jabbing the photograph with her finger. She implored me to agree with her, pointing out how much hair had fallen out, how much fuller her cheeks used to be, and how different her eyes were—how lifeless and dull they&#8217;d become. She described at length how the photograph clearly demonstrated these changes, although I couldn&#8217;t see them. A young man showed me a year-old photo of himself, pleading with me. &#8220;Can&#8217;t you see how I&#8217;ve changed? Physically, I&#8217;ve changed drastically in the past few years. My whole face is different! Can&#8217;t you see that?!&#8221; He seemed desperate for me to agree with him. At the same time, I sensed he feared I might.<br />
*101\204\8*</p>
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		<title>THEORIES ABOUT BDD CAUSE: PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES &#8211;  TEASING AND OTHER LIFE EXPERIENCES, SYSTEMATIC RESEARCH</title>
		<link>http://worldpharmread.com/2011/03/theories-about-bdd-cause-psychological-theories-teasing-and-other-life-experiences-systematic-research/</link>
		<comments>http://worldpharmread.com/2011/03/theories-about-bdd-cause-psychological-theories-teasing-and-other-life-experiences-systematic-research/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 14 Mar 2011 10:39:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Anti Depressants-Sleeping Aid]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://worldpharmread.com/?p=185</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The only systematic research I know of on early family experiences of people with BDD comes from the Parental Bonding Instrument. This scale is a validated and widely used self-report measure of a person&#8217;s perceptions of parental care and overprotection before the age of 16. I found that average scores of 40 consecutive people with [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The only systematic research I know of on early family experiences of people with BDD comes from the Parental Bonding Instrument. This scale is a validated and widely used self-report measure of a person&#8217;s perceptions of parental care and overprotection before the age of 16. I found that average scores of 40 consecutive people with BDD were notably lower than published norms on parental care and were in the average range on parental overprotection. These findings are consistent with how many patients describe their early life experiences, which often emphasize feelings of rejection and neglect. It&#8217;s important to note, however, it&#8217;s unclear whether these individuals actually received less love and care from their parents than the average person, or whether they were unusually sensitive to criticism or rejection at a young age and therefore felt unloved and neglected, even though their parents gave them lots of love and care.<br />
Some people believe their family&#8217;s or peers&#8217; emphasis on appearance contributed to their concern. One woman told me, &#8220;In my childhood people doted on my appearance. So I fear if I look bad, people won&#8217;t like me.&#8221; Another said, &#8220;Appearance was very important in our family, and it became very important to me. The only area of positive feedback from my parents was for my attractiveness. So destroying my appearance was the most destructive thing I could do.&#8221; Experiences such as these could in theory lead to some of the cognitive distortions (distorted ways of thinking) that I&#8217;ll discuss in Chapter 14—for example, that one&#8217;s worth as a person is based only on one&#8217;s appearance. Occasionally, BDD symptoms seem to begin with a parent&#8217;s excessive preoccupation with their child&#8217;s appearance—what mieht be called &#8220;RDD hv mnn &#8221; Some people with BDD, however, report none of these things. Whether particular family experiences or other early life experiences contribute to BDD isn&#8217;t clear at this time. This important question needs to be studied.<br />
Another very important question is whether physical or sexual trauma or abuse contributes to BDD&#8217;s development. In a small preliminary study, Dr. Caron Zlotnick and I found that 20% of 55 women with a history of sexual abuse had BDD—a fairly high rate. Conversely, in my interview study of 200 people with BDD, 9% had post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at some point in their life (see the Glossary for a definition). However, this rate is about the same as the PTSD rate in the general U.S. population, suggesting that people with BDD may not have unusually high trauma rates. To my knowledge, no published studies have assessed what percentage of people with BDD have a childhood history of abuse per se and whether this rate is higher than in people with another psychiatric disorder or in the general population.<br />
Based on my clinical experience, it&#8217;s clear that some people with BDD have been sexually or physically abused but that some haven&#8217;t. So it can&#8217;t be assumed that everyone with BDD has been abused. Nor can it be assumed that if someone is abused, they&#8217;ll develop BDD. However, sexual abuse may contribute to bodily shame and dislike of one&#8217;s body. It also makes sense that feeling neglected as a child could contribute to feelings of worthlessness and low self-esteem, including feeling badly about how one looks.<br />
*183\204\8*</p>
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		<title>Бессонница</title>
		<link>http://worldpharmread.com/2010/11/%d0%b1%d0%b5%d1%81%d1%81%d0%be%d0%bd%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%86%d0%b0/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 09:27:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Anti Depressants-Sleeping Aid]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://worldpharmread.com/?p=232</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Бессонница мо­жет быть вызвана— чрезмерной умственной нагрузкой, нерационально построенным режи­мом труда и отдыха, какими-либо волнениями, пережи­ваниями, когда нервная система находится в состоянии перевозбуждения. Огромное значение сна для организма невозможно пе­реоценить. Сон справедливо называют источником здо­ровья и бодрости. Наукой установлено, что взрослому человеку необходимо спать 7 ч в сутки, а людям напря­женного умственного труда — не [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Бессонница мо­жет быть вызвана— чрезмерной умственной нагрузкой, нерационально построенным режи­мом труда и отдыха, какими-либо волнениями, пережи­ваниями, когда нервная система находится в состоянии перевозбуждения.<br />
Огромное значение сна для организма невозможно пе­реоценить. Сон справедливо называют источником здо­ровья и бодрости. Наукой установлено, что взрослому человеку необходимо спать 7 ч в сутки, а людям напря­женного умственного труда — не менее 8 ч. Недостаточ­ный сон не компенсируется. Часы недосыпания нельзя наверстать в последующие сутки или выходной день.<br />
Сон человеку жизненно необходим. Опыты, проведен­ные акад. И. Р. Тархановым, показали, что животные, не спавшие в течение 5—7 дней, погибают. Недосыпание или недостаточный сон на протяжении длительного време­ни приводят к истощению нервной системы.<br />
Сон снимает утомление, восстанавливает силы, являясь одним из основных видов отдыха для всего организма. Как показал И. П. Павлов, в центральной нервной системе наблюдается постоянная смена процессов возбуждения и торможения. В период бодрствования центральная нервная система находится в деятельном состоянии.  Во время сна процесс возбуждения нервных клеток уступает место Другому   активному   нервному   процессу — торможению. Оно охраняет нервные клетки головного мозга от исто­щения, которое возникло бы в результате слишком дли­тельной, непрерывной и напряженной деятельности.<br />
Охранительное торможение, развивающееся в коре го­ловного мозга, распространяется на другие отделы цент­ральной нервной системы, и в результате наступает глубокий сон. Во время сна восстанавливаются силы и работоспо­собность. Даже очень утомленный перед сном человек пробуждается бодрым и ощущает новый прилив энергии.<br />
Однако хорошее самочувствие после сна и полноцен­ный отдых зависят не только от продолжительности сна, но и от его качества. Например, человек может спать дол­го, но если сон поверхностный, чуткий, неглубокий, он не дает ощущения полного отдыха.<br />
Нарушения сна могут проявляться в различных фор­мах<br />
Одной из разновидности бессонницы является преры­вистый, неглубокий, беспокойный сон. Картины прожитого дня, как быстро сменяемые кинокадры, мелькают перед глазами. Различные события и впечатления, тревоги и заботы не дают человеку покоя, поднимают его с постели, заставляют бесцельно бродить по комнате, снова ложить­ся, ворочаться с боку на бок. Сон приходит лишь под утро.<br />
Расстройство засыпания, поверхностный, неспокойный сон, ранние пробуждения выбивают человека из равнове­сия, портят ему на весь день настроение и самочувствие. Он испытывает сильную усталость, раздражителен, вспыльчив, высказывает по всякому поводу недовольство. Недосыпание вызывает разбитость во всем теле, тяжесть в голове, значительно снижается работоспособность.<br />
Каким же образом можно бороться с нарушениями сна?<br />
Большинство людей в этом случае прибегают к снот­ворным. Однако не всем известно, что порошки и таблет­ки вызывают положительный эффект лишь при условии их правильного употребления. Многие принимают какое-ли­бо снотворное в течение очень продолжительного периода (год, а то и более). Организм привыкает к одному и тому же препарату, и длительное его применение не дает же­лаемого результата. У некоторых людей это вызывает при­выкание   к  снотворным,  болезненное   к  ним  влечение. При расстройствах сна следует обращаться к врачу, ко­торый, определив причину бессонницы, назначит   соответ­ствующее лечение.<br />
Истинная потребность в снотворных лекарствах значи­тельно меньше, чем часто полагают, потому что причинами бессонницы, обычно бы­вают различные неприятные ощущения: состояние диском­форта, вызванного теми или иными болезненными рас­стройствами, (нарушение функции пищеварения, растяжение мочевого пузыря или прямой кишки); какая-либо неумеренность в еде; редкое пребывание на свежем воздухе; отсутствие достаточного объема мышечной деятельности.<br />
Прием пищи следует сводить перед сном к минимуму, чтобы избежать ощущения тяжести под ложечкой, ме­шающего сну. При вегетативных нарушениях часто не дает возможности заснуть такое ощуще­ние, будто у человека зябнут ноги. Приложенная к ногам обыкновенная грелка избавляет в этом случае от необ­ходимости принимать снотворное. Еще один простой спо­соб, помогающий быстрому засыпанию, — применение го­рячих ножных ванн с добавлением горчицы (1 столовая ложка сухой горчицы на ведро воды). Горячая ванна вы­зывает отлив крови от головного мозга, что способствует быстрому наступлению сна.<br />
Лечение бессонницы должно быть строго индивидуаль­ным в зависимости от причины ее возникновения и пси­хологических особенностей личности того или иного че­ловека. В тех случаях, когда удается достичь общего хо­рошего состояния и наладить адекватное питание, бес­сонница исчезает сама собой.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><a href="http://apertavia.com/navyazchivyie-sostoyaniya">синдром навязчивых состояний</a></p>
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		<title>COMMON SIGNS OF ANXIETY</title>
		<link>http://worldpharmread.com/2009/04/common-signs-of-anxiety/</link>
		<comments>http://worldpharmread.com/2009/04/common-signs-of-anxiety/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 29 Apr 2009 08:31:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Anti Depressants-Sleeping Aid]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Anti Depressants]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://worldpharmread.com/2009/04/common-signs-of-anxiety/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[At different times we all experience nervous tension of some degree, and we are all familiar with the more obvious signs of anxiety. However, there is a multitude of ways in which anxiety may manifest itself, and some of these are of such a nature that they often mislead both patient and doctor into the [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span style="font-family:Courier New; font-size:10pt">At different times we all experience nervous tension of some degree, and we are all familiar with the more obvious signs of anxiety. However, there is a multitude of ways in which anxiety may manifest itself, and some of these are of such a nature that they often mislead both patient and doctor into the belief that the trouble is due to some organic cause rather than to the disordered function of our mind.<br />
</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Courier New; font-size:10pt">     I have seen quite a number of patients who had suffered from long-standing anxiety and nervous tension, and who had become so accustomed to their tensed-up state that they had grown to accept it as normal. Each of these consulted me on account of some bodily symptom, and when I commented on their general state of tension, they denied that they felt tense; and it was only after treatment that they realized that an easier and more relaxed way of life was possible for them. Strangely enough, one of these patients is a well-known surgeon.<br />
</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Courier New; font-size:10pt">     The surgeon was referred to me by another doctor in the hope that I might be able to help him with a long-standing difficulty with his speech. I could see that he was a tense person, but when I asked him about it, he strongly denied that he was in any way tense, and added that everyone who knew him regarded him as particularly relaxed. His wife was with him at the time, so I asked her to lift up my arm and let it go suddenly. It flopped down with its dead weight on to the arm of my chair. I then asked her to do the same thing with the patient. When she let his arm go it remained stuck up in the air for a moment, held there by the tension in the patient&#8217;s muscles. Try as he might, he could not let his arm fall naturally and relaxed.<br />
</span></p>
<p><a href="http://www.d-store.net/?category=anti+depressants" title="Treating depression."><span style="font-family:Courier New; font-size:10pt">     One day after two or three sessions of the relaxing exercises, he smiled, and said, &#8220;I never really knew that I was tense like that.&#8221;<br />
</span></a></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Courier New; font-size:10pt">     Although it has not been completely cured, his speech is much improved, and he has achieved an ease in his ordinary way of life which he had not thought possible.<br />
</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Courier New; font-size:10pt">The signs of anxiety are elusive and may well escape even the physician who does not specialize in this aspect of medicine.<br />
</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Courier New; font-size:10pt">*5\57\2*<br />
</span></p>
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